Showing posts with label Reviews. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Reviews. Show all posts

Monday, November 7, 2011

Architect or Civil Engineer??


Well? This is an issue between the architecture and engineers but seems there are no clear conversations about this. What should be the responsibilities and tasks by the two profession when it comes to planning of a certain structure? 


Anyway, what is architecture? According to Wikipedia, Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art. Let's study the words "planning, designing and construction", planning is the foundation of a proposed project, this is were the layout and placing of the different part of the structure is being planned, designing consist of the aesthetic part of the building and how about the construction, construction is the actual practice of performing the plan. Architects are not taking an important role in the construction, since in order to be successful in a certain project, we need skilled laborers for the construction.


What is Civil Engineering? Again, according to Wikipedia, Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roadsbridgescanalsdams, and buildings. A civil engineer takes an important role in the design of the project, for an engineer is responsible in the allocation of materials to be used in the design of the structure, the availability and cost of the materials used in the building of the structure. Maintenance is also a task to be made by the engineer since engineer plans the internal reactions of the columns, slabs, floors etc, for the safety of the people who will use the structure.


Architects and Civil Engineers both play an important role to accomplish a certain project. It doesn't matter whether both of the profession takes bigger responsibility, important is they should be concern of the good result of the project. ^^

Friday, November 4, 2011

Group A Dwellings

Minimum Requirements for Group A Dwellings

a. Dwelling Location and Lot of Occupancy

The dwelling shall occupy not more than ninety percent of a corner lot and eighty percent of an inside lot, and subject to the provisions on Easements of Light and View of the Civil Code of Phillipines, shall be at least 2 meters from the property line.

b. Light and Ventilation

Every dwelling shall be so constructed and arranged as to provide adequate light and ventilation as provided under Section 806 to Section 811 of the national Building Code.

c. Sanitation 

Every dwelling shall be provided with at least one sanitary toilet and adequate washing and drainage facilities.

d. Foundation

Footings shall be of sufficient size and strength to support the load of the dwelling and shall be at least 250 millimeters below the surface of the ground.

e. Post

The dimensions of wooden posts shall be those found in the Table 708-A: Dimensions of Wooden Posts (Annex B-1). Each post shall be anchored to such footing by straps and bolts of adequate size.

f. Floor

The live load of the first floor shall be at least 200 kilograms per square meter and for the second floor, at least 150 kilograms per square meter.

g. Roof

The wind load for roofs shall be at least 120 kilograms per square meter for vertical projections.

h. Stairs

Stairs shall be at least 750 millimeters in clear width, with a rise of 200 millimeters and a minimum run of 200 millimeters.

i. Entrance and Exit

There shall be at least one entrance and another one for exit.

j. Electrical Requirements 

An electrical installation shall conform to the requirements of the Philippine Electrical Code.

k. Mechanical Requirements

Mechanical Systems and/or equipment installation shall be subject to the requirement of the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code.


Tuesday, November 1, 2011

The World at your Fingertips


From press, to click, to touch...


Touchscreen technology is quite simply, the innovation that everyone wants their gadget-loving hands on. Leaving your tech devoid of its usual button cluster, these softer sensing interfaces have liberated our indulgences.
As the most desirable of gadget features filters into every nook and cranny of our tech lives, these touch-o-goodies deserve a rock-star applause.


ASUS Eee Pad Transformer


The full QWERTY attachable keyboard makes it unique from other tablets. This makes office-related documents such as spreadsheet, presentation and word processing easier.
Equipped with NVIDIA Tegra 2 1.0GHz dual-core CPU, it enables exceptional simultaneous tasking and HD movie playback.


Battery life lasts for about 16 hours for all days use.
Comes with tablet-designed Google Android 3.2 Honey-comb OS with ASUS Waveshare UI, ASUS Eee Pad Transformer allows internet-addicts experience full web browsing, communicating and casual computing.


2Samsung Galaxy Tab (10.1-inch, 16GB, Wi-Fi)


Having thickness of only 8.6-mm, this tablet is definitely one of the sexiest in the market. With its 10.1" widescreen coupled with 1 GHz dual-core NVIDIA Tegra 2, multitasking and video playback are never a problem. You can connect to the internet wherever you are in school with its Wi-Fi capability. If you are sophisticated enough, you'd love this tab for its impressive 3MP auto-focus camera with LED flash at the back portion, and a 2 MP camera at the front. Capable of the Android's latest Honeycomb OS, you wouldn't be lost in the Android's Applications' World.




Apple iPad 2


The newly refurbished Apple iPad - the iPad 2 is thinner and lighter making web browsing, reading books, watching movies and other tasks very comfortable.


iPad 2 is even faster compared to its predecessor with its two powerful cores in one A5 chip, this makes jobs done at a faster pace.


iPad 2 is the gamer's bestfriend, thanks to its superfast graphics performance, playing games on iPad 2 is very realistic.


Get carried away with using the iPad 2's application for it can sustain itself up to 10 hours. See your friend face to face and share where you are when conversing with him/her with its dual camera.




Cherry Mobile Superion


The Philippines' first local 'tablet phone', the Superion is built to specification by Filipino Engineers. It is dubbed as a tablet phone because it is equipped with a phone's full functionality. Web browsing, note taking, and other document processing are decent

World's Biggest Rizal Shrine


José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda, popularly known as Dr. Jose P. Rizal, is the Philippines’ national hero, a patriotic man who never uses gun or sword to protect and fight for his country, a man with multi exceptional skill, a poet, a doctor, a columnist. He is the creator of the famous Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo to criticize the Spanish Friars and the Catholic church in the Philippines. Most of his writings are dedicated to his fellowmen and family such as La Indolencia Filipina (The Indolence of the Filipino People), Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (A tribute to my Town), A la Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth), Por La Educacion (Education Gives Luster to the Motherland), Sa Aking Mga Kabata(To My Fellow Children) and other dedicated creations.
He was exiled after the Spaniards knew about the Katipunan, a group of Filipinos planning a rebellion against the Spanish Colonial Era and another group so called La Liga Filipina (The Philippine League) he created in Barcelona. The last look to the great man was in Bagumbayan known today as Luneta Park on December 30, 1986.
A true man of worth, a man who believes in the strength, intelligence and courage of the Filipino people. 

Because of his greatness and heroism, his works are published all over the world. Statues, monuments and parks are created on his name even on outside countries. In Seattle, Washington, a Rizal Park was built last June 7, 1981 approved by Mayor Charles Royer and Philippine Consul General Ernesto A. Querubin. 

 Another monument in Hawaii was built by a group of Filipino members so called Kauai Filipino Community Council.

The famous Rizal Park here in the Philippines is situated in the heart of Manila, the previous Bagumbayan which comemorates the death of Dr. Jose Rizal. 



But have you ever wonder where in the world is the biggest Rizal Statue located?


Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya's Riza Shrine, situated in Barangay Casat, is todays's largest Rizal Shrine in the world. This shrine is peacefully nestled on 7.5 hectare complex on one of the town's hills. A 12 storey high 3-arch Romanasque structure tenderly houses the statue of Rizal, a 16 meter statue made purely on bronze. The edifice, like hero who hopes for a new dawn to come, faces the east where the sun rises, towards the great Sierra Madre Range.

A ten meter high obelisk or pole wherein the history of Nueva VIzcaya is written, glady welcomes every visitor at the entrance. Not only Rizal's Statue stands on the area but also the statues of 13 other well known heroes including the unsung hero. These are sorrounded by 14 seven foot arches. The bust of the unsung hero symbolizes those heroes who were not given due recognition and those who silently promote and manifest the inherent Filipino traits in battling the evils of our society.



The 7.5 hectare complex is also a haven of recreation, livelihood and culture. It is a fantastic skating rink for children, with a globe and water fountain at the center. It also includes 2-storey buldings, a conference room for the Knight's of Rizal, a modern library, a computer resource center, basketball and tennis courts and two helipads. Free medical services are also available for indigent patients.

Behind The Project

"I die without the seeing the sun rise on my country. You who are to see the dawn welcome it and do not forget those who fell during the night."

This is an excerpt from Dr. Jose Rizal's novel, Noli Me Tangere. One of those persons who had a glimpse of the dawn truly did not forget those people who fought for the Philippines' freedom from foreign conquerors and were not able to see the country's deliverance. This man is Mr. Mahmoud A.M. Asfour,a Jordanian-born Filipino citizen.

It is quite ironic tat he would initiate the construction of such wonder considering he is a native Jordan. according to him, his affection for the Filipinos sprouted thirty years ago when a Filipino truck driver saved him from near-death after his car was slowly swallowed by the desert's mouth.

Asfour dreamt of giving the Filipinos his amazing possible gift and that dream materialized in the form of Rizal's statue, the biggest of it's kind in the world. The shrine, for him, is a representation of Filipino unity and hope.

Asfour is the 3rd Degree Commander of the Knight's of Rizal for the provinces of Nueva Vizacaya, Quirino and Isabela. 

The town's splendor was formally presented to the public through the ribbon cutting rite together with the blessing of the structure held last July 4, 2010.

Distinguished officials and personalities graced the remarkable occasion. ~M

Saturday, June 25, 2011

Investigation of the Properties of Commercially Available Reinforcing Steel Bars

The failure of a structure is attributed to many factors, one factor is the use of substandard construction materials particularly reinforcing steel bars. However, the use of substandard materials can be avoided by conducting some practical test. This study focused on the properties of the reinforcing bars commercially available in the market (rib configuration, wieght/meter, dimensional properties, bend-ability and elongation) and compare them with the existing standards. 


The study aimed to examine the quality of the reinforcing steel bars available in the market today to determine if they conform with the standards set by national Structural Code of the Philippines(NSCP), American Concrete Institute (ACI) code, and American Society of testing of Materials (ASTM). 


Today, steel is one of the most common construction materials in the world and is a major component in buildings, infrastructures, tools, ships, automobiles, machines and appliances. Steel can be classified into different groups or categories depending on the chemical composition, application, shape, production process used, etc. Particular in the construction material formed with a specific shape or cross section such as II, T, L or angle, and C or channel section. Reinforcing bars 'or rebars is a common steel bar used in reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures.


Steel is an alloy consisting mostly of an iron mixed with carbon and other alloying elements such as manganese, chromium, vanadium and tungsten. These other elements act as hardening agents. With the right amount, steel can be made harder than iron making it suitable for building various structures.


Concrete is a material that is very strong in compression but relatively without strength in tension. To compensate for this imbalance in the concrete's behavior, rebars are cast into it to carry the tensile loads. While any material with sufficient strength could conceivably be used to a reinforced concrete, steel is still the best choice. This is due to the fact that steel and concrete have similar coefficients of thermal expansion. Thus as a result, a concrete structural member reinforced with steel will experience minimal stress as a result of differential expansions of the two interconnected materials caused by temperature changes.


The samples used in this study were taken from three major suppliers of construction materials within the municipality of Bayombong and Solano, Nueva Vizcaya namely WeldShoppe, Remington and Masagana. Only deformed bars with sizes 10 mm, 12 mm and 16 mm were tested since these are the sizes that are most frequently used for small to medium sized construction.


The results were tested through the following properties of reinforcing steel bars.


A. Identifying Marks


The bars were inspected for any identifying marks stamped  into the surface. These marks were compared to the marks required by ASTM Standards.


The ASTM specifications require that identification marks be rolled into the surface of one side of reinforcing bars to provide information as to the producing mill, the bar size, and the type of the steel. In addition, for Grade 60 or stronger steel, a grade mark is required to indicate the minimum yield point of the steel.


The reinforcing bars purchased from the different suppliers show only the letter "C" and the bar diameter. In one bar, there are no identifying marks at all.


B. Rib Configuration


Visual observation of the bars showed that the rib heights were almost the same for the different bar sizes. The distance center to center of the ribs was observed to be the same for each corresponding bar diameter . For the 16-mm bars, ribs are at 1 cm apart. For the 12-mm bars, the ribs are 0.75 cm apart. For the 10-mm bars, the ribs are 0.67 cm apart. However, the rib configurations differ slightly in height and the angle of inclinations. 


The recommended rib heights is 7% to 8% of the rated diameter of the bar.


C. Standard Weight/Meter


From supplier A, the average weight of the 16-mm bar is 1.503 kg/m, 0.840 kg/m for 12-mm bar and 0.584 kg/m for 10-mm bar.


From supplier B, the average weight of the 16-mm bar is 1.514 kg/m, 0.839 kg/m for 12-mm bar and 0.574 kg/m for 10-mm bar.


From supplier C, the average weight of the 16-mm bar is 1.499 kg/m, 0.840 kg/m for 12-mm bar and 0.599 kg/m for 10-mm bar.


Standard weight per meter of 16-mm bar is 1.568 kg/m, 12-mm bar is 0.941 kg/m and 10-mm bar is 0.589 kg/m


D. Dimension Specifications


Slight differences in the lengths of the bars were observed. The longest bar is at 6.01 m and the shortest of the bars is at 5.983 m. The standard length is 6 m.


As the result of this study, the following summary and conclusions were drawn:


1. The reinforcing steel bars do not contain all the necessary marking as per ASTM standards.


2. the heights of the rib configuration of the bars are above the recommended values. This may increase the bonding between the concrete  and the reinforcing steel bars but it may compromise the weight carrying capacity of the bars.


3. The weight per meter of the bars is generally below the recommended values.


4. On the average, the length of the bars is very slightly shorter that 6 m. Likewise, the nominal diameter measures below the rib configuration is below the rated diameter of the bars. The indicated diameter was observed to be measured outside the ribs.


It is recommended that a thorough study should be made to include other bar diameter. Likewise, the yield strength of the bars must be determined.


Researchers:


Engr. Myrna B. Grospe
Engr. Rodel V. Medestomas
Engr. Rolando Sabado
Engr. Ernesto Padre.
Saint Mary's University, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

 
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